Muscular and Fitness Project Essay Example for Free

Muscular and Fitness Project Essay My class participants have a good overall health. Many of them have strong upper body strength and a moderate strength on the legs. They lack a core body and abdominal strength and have very low levels of flexibility. They need the most amount of work in flexibility. Weekly Routine for Flexibility Workout Day Flex Exercises Muscle Stretched Reps Time Reps Time Reps Time Mon Lying Quad Stretch Quads 4 20 4 20 4 25 Mon Modified Hurdlers Stretch Hamstrings 4 20 4 20 4 25 Wed Upper Back/Torso Stretch Traps 2 20 2 20 2 25 Mon Calf Stretch Gastrocnemius 4 20 4 20 4 25 Wed Lower Back Stretch Latisimus Dorsi 2 20 2 20 2 25 Fri Chest/Bicep Stretch Pecs/Biceps 2 20 2 20 2 25 Fri Shoulder/Tricep Stretch Triceps/Deltoids 4 20 4 20 4 25 Wed Lying Abdominal Stretch Abdominal 1 60 1 60 1 70 Weekly Routine for Muscle Workout Day Muscle Exercises Muscle Stretched Sets Reps Resistance Sets Reps Resistance Mon Lunges Quads 3 10 10 lbs 1 15 10 lbs Wed Push Ups Pecs 3 10 None 1 15 None Mon Hamstring Curl Hamstrings 3 10 10 lbs 1 15 10 lbs Wed Dead Rows Latisimus Dorsi 3 10 10 lbs 1 15 10 lbs Mon Calf Rises Gastrocnemius 3 10 None 1 15 None Fri Tricep Dips Triceps 3 10 None 1 15 None Fri Shoulder Shrugs Traps 3 10 10 lbs 1 15 10 lbs Fri Bicep Curl Biceps 3 10 10 lbs 1 15 10 lbs Fri Lateral Rises Deltoids 3 10 10 lbs 1 15 10 lbs Wed Leg Lifts Abdominal 3 10 None 1 15 None *You need to vary your workouts and want to give time for your body to recover from the workout. * Safety Guidelines Never continue if you feel any pain Never exercise a certain muscle group every day, make sure you give your muscles time to rest Never lift more than you can safely Never wear clothes that restrict your movement Never overstretch or over lift, it will do more harm than help Always warm up with a light cardiovascular activity beforehand Always use proper lifting technique Always breathe correctly Always train to have muscle balance Always control the weight when lifting Research how to correctly do each exercise from a reliable source before starting and make sure you have proper body alignment at all times SPORT/FITT principles Specificity Training should be designed to meet a specific need. Increase Flexibility Example: You want to increase the range of motion in your shoulder muscles. Increase Muscular Condition Example: You want to improve your muscular endurance in your shoulder muscles. Progression Training should start slowly and gradually. Increase Flexibility Example: Your shoulder stretches will be performed slowly and gradually become more challenging. Increase Muscular Condition Example: You will perform shoulder shrugs as part of your muscular fitness routine and gradually increase the challenge of this activity. Overload Training should require you to do more than you normally do. Apply the principle of Overload by changing the Frequency, Intensity, Time and/or Type (FITT) of activity you perform: Frequency: How often you perform the activity. Increase Flexibility Example: In week one, you will stretch three times per week and gradually work up to stretching five days per week. Increase Muscular Condition Example: In week one, you do shoulder shrugs two times per week and gradually work up to three times per week over a four week period. Intensity: How intensely you perform the activity. Increase Flexibility Example: As your flexibility increases you will gently extend how far you hold your shoulder stretches. Increase Muscular Condition Example: In week one you will use three pound weights and gradually work up to eight pound weights over a four week period. Time: The duration of your activity. Increase Flexibility Example: You will start by holding your shoulder stretch for 20 seconds and gradually work your way up to 40 second holds over a four week period. Increase Muscular Condition Example: In week one, you will attempt to do eight repetitions and gradually work up to 12 to 18 repetitions over a four week period. Type: The type of activity you perform. Increase Flexibility Example: You will also perform some chest and back stretches to further enhance the flexibility in these related and connected  muscle groups. Increase Muscular Condition Example: You will also incorporate some push-ups into your routine. Reversibility Training should continue or you will reverse your improvement. Increase Flexibility Example: You must continue to stretch or your improvements will reverse. Increase Muscular Condition Example: You must continue to perform muscular training exercises or your improvements will reverse. Tedium Training should include a variety of activities to avoid boredom. Increase Flexibility Example: You will try some yoga poses that incorporate shoulder stretches. Increase Muscular Condition Example: You will also swim laps in the pool and use the water as resistance. Equipment Dumbbells: Dumbbells are good for a variety of exercise. They offer a great range of motion and have a compact size. Dumbbells are not expensive. The ones pictured are $7 each for a total of $14.They offer a resistance of 10 lbs. total. Leg Weights: They are mainly used to exercise leg muscles. They can add a small bit of resistance to an exercise (3 lbs. each). They would cost about $25 for a pair. Steps: Steps are used for calf exercises and for balancing while doing other exercises. They are compact and easy to use. The one pictured is way out of budget, $40, so it is not recommended to buy them. Rather you can use your own stairs if you have them.

Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Macbeth - Lady Macbeth as

Lady Macbeth as a Tool of Fate  Ã‚   The play of Macbeth is all about power and greed. It is about ambition overriding inhibitions and the conscience of a good man. We know that most people consider Macbeth to be a good and a brave man at the start of the book, for example King Duncan himself refers to him as â€Å"O valiant cousin, worthy gentleman!† He is admired for his skills in battle by everyone. It is hard to say what driving force underlies the events of the story, and it is equally hard to know what emotions or convictions drove the characters to do what they did. Parts of the text give us detail and insight as to the relation and power balance in the marriage of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, this can be interpreted and used to try to work out who actually made the major decisions concerning murder. From the very beginning Lady Macbeth is presented as ambitious and driving. â€Å"That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between Th’effect and it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  When she says this she means that nothing will prevent her from fulfilling her aim, and that pity will have no effect on her. This purpose does seem to stand strong for the first few scenes, in which the most important crimes are committed, but as she and Macbeth grow apart, and her involvement in the play lessens, so does her resolve. When she first greets her husband, on his return, it is clear how proud she is of his newly gained titles. It is also clear how eager he is to gain her praise, after the conversation with the weird sisters he immediately thinks to write home and tell her. This is very unusual for the time in which the play was set; there would usually be more dominance from the husband, whereas Macbeth and Lady Macbeth seem to be e... ... fortune to help the plot unfold. Usually, however Shakespeare’s plays are more sophisticated and there can usually be found a reason for an event. I conclude that Lady Macbeth was a tool of fate. I believe the witches manipulated her, or their controller did so, to in turn exercise her influence over Macbeth and play out a series predetermined events. I do not think there is meant to be a reason in this play, but there is a moral, a mystery, and a great underlying evil. I do not know what Shakespeare wanted this evil to represent, perhaps he did not know himself; or perhaps it represents the vulnerability of all humans to fate, or chance; perhaps it pessimistically represents a basic evil in humans; or perhaps he wrote it to enthrall his audiences and leave them wondering†¦ Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1977.

Sam’s Club and Costco

There are many positives that can be drawn from the way that Costco runs and controls its business. Costco’s motto is â€Å"To continuously provide our members with quality goods and services at the lowest possible prices† (Thompson, Strickland, Gamble, 2010). They have stuck to this mantra by providing affordable memberships to its customers, and affordable pricing of its merchandise. Costco’s strategy of low pricing and limited product line and selection made Costco successful by keeping their margins below their competitors; this is a positive in that it will draw more customers and more accounts for the growth and prosperity of the business. Costco’s limited product line and selection is also a positive because unlike it competitors, Costco offers efficiency in its sale process and makes it easier for the business to be managed. Sinegal stated that â€Å"If you have ten customers in to buy Advil, how many are not going to but any because you just have one size? Maybe one or two, we refer to that as the intelligent loss of sales† (Thompson, Strickland, Gamble, 2010). Another positive is Costco’s approach to treasure-hunt shopping. Costco tries to intrigue its customers by creating a sense of urgency with certain products that are high-end and that the company knows will sell-out quickly. Although these items a lot of times are higher priced, they still are reasonably lower than the average department store or its membership warehouse competitors. The only negative would be Costco’s marketing and advertising strategy. Although the stores reputation and low pricing have constituted in the franchises high level of success, their marketing strategy is lacking some key elements. Costco believes that direct mailings was the best possible marketing and advertising strategy but are missing out on the possibility of gaining a higher number of customers due to their lack of internet presence. The key factor that comes to mind is that Costco doesn’t offer a list of their store items online, which doesn’t give a consumer who isn’t familiar with the store a chance get the full spectrum of what they truly offer. Although Costco 3 Costco is a large franchise, in most cases; word of mouth simply won’t get a business the clientele they truly need to be successful or a leader in their respective arena. There were two strategic elements utilized by Costco that were insightful, the first being how Costco developed its personnel from within. The case of Jim Sinegal comes to light. When Sol Price made Jim Sinegal the manager of the original Price Club, he knew that Jim had a special knack for discount retailing and for spotting what a store was doing wrong (usually either not being in the right merchandise categories or not selling items at the right price points) very things that was good at and that were at the roots of Price’s Club growing success in the marketplace (Thompson, Strickland, Gamble, 2010). Sinegal applied this same concept when he partnered with Jeff Brotman, who was the elevated to vice chairman in 1993 and then to chairman in 1994. This strategic element is what made both Price Club and Costco very successful. The second strategic element that was insightful was the way in which Costco formulated its strategy on low prices and its limited product and selection. Costco’s view of the intelligent loss of sales, proved viable because they were willing to lose one or two customers to capture a higher number of clientele in the long run, and adhering to this strategy makes their business efficient and profitable. The formulation of strategy must take into consideration important external parties. For Costco, the competitor and their targeted customers were two constituencies. How was their strategy influenced by these parties? Did their strategy reflect adequate consideration of the needs of these two groups? Costco’s strategy was definitely influenced by its customers and its competitor. From a competitor’s standpoint Costco wanted to a provide services, prices, and products that rivaled its competitor Sam’s Club. Costco’s combining of high quality and low prices id the driving for behind Costco’s success. It is evident that Sam Walton, with Wal-Mart and Sam’s club played an integral part in the way the Costco has devised its strategy. Costco’s average pay, for example, is $17 an hour and is 42% higher than its fiercest rival Sam’s Club. Costco’s health plan also makes other retailers look Scroogish, Costco’s workers were only paying just 4 percent toward their health costs and raised it to only 8 percent when Sam’s Club and the retail average is at 25 percent (Bowmer, 2007). Costco isn’t simply looking to be better that the competition they want Costco 4 to be demonstrably better,† said John Matthews, Costco’s senior vice president for human resources (Bowmer, 2007). From the customer’s standpoint Costco looks to keep increasing its consumer base by providing low prices that aren’t coming at the workers’ expense, they believe this is the key to providing a good service and good business as a whole. Costco caters to the customer, by not becoming a casualty in the pricing war among retailers and wholesale club industries alike. A cardinal rule that has been implemented is that no item can be marked up by more than 14 percent and no private label item by more than 15 percent. In contract supermarkets generally mark up merchandise by 25 percent and department stores by 50 percent (Bowmer, 2007). Costco strives to be good merchants and offer the greatest value to the customer, Costco constantly strives to figure out how they are going lower their prices while their competition looks for ways to get to get more money for their items. Costco has a good understanding of its customers and knows that they don’t gain clientele by having fancy displays and mascots etc†¦ they know that the values they have attract and keep customers coming back, as well as attract new prospects. The company’s knack for adjusting and seeing things in a new way explains how Costco’s customers influence on the decisions and strategies set forth by the company. Costco’s strategy reflects adequate consideration of its customers and capitalizes on the needs that its competitors have. One can draw this conclusion because Costco has diagnosed what the customer needs, values and wants from a proprietor, and also have evaluated what the competition is lacking and perfected their mantra of providing low prices and quality products and services. They have formulated strong objectives that benefit their workers, customers and shareholders, and strategized a plan to be more successful than the competitor with a business model than can be considered overly generous in regards to its customers and workers in comparison to the competition.

Ethical Issues in Counselling Term Papers - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1511 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Ethical Issues in Counseling Practice Ethical decision-making is an evolutionary process that requires you to be continually open and self-critical. Recognizing the potential for countertransference: what are your own needs? Do you have areas of unfinished business? Are there potential personal conflicts that would interfere with helping the client? Do you recognize your own areas of prejudice and vulnerabilities? Counselor impairment often leads to countertransference. The more common characteristics of impairment are: †¢ Fragile self-esteem Difficulty establishing intimacy in one’s personal life †¢ Professional isolation †¢ A need to rescue clients †¢ A need for reassurance about one’s attractiveness or one’s competence †¢ A substance abuse Countertransference can show itself in many ways. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethical Issues in Counselling Term Papers" essay for you Create order The following are most common: 1. Being overprotective with a client. 2. Treating clients in benign, superficial ways. 3. Rejecting a client. 4. Needing constant reinforcement and approval. 5. Seeing yourself in you clients. 6. Developing sexual or romantic feelings toward a client. . Giving advice compulsively. 8. Desiring a social relationship with a client. 9. Delaying termination Whose needs are being met in this relationship—my client’s or my own? Is it unethical to meet our personal needs through our professional work? Don’t we benefit by being nurturing, feeling adequate, displaying competence, being respected and appreciated? Steps in Ethical Decision-Making 1. Identify the potential problem. Is the problem mainly ethical, legal, professional, clinical, or moral? 2. Identify the potential issues for both you and the client. 3. Review the ethical codes for your profession. Are you own values and ethics consistent with or in conflict with the relevant guidelines? 4. Consider the applicable laws and regulations. 5. Seek consultation from other professionals or from your professional organization. 6. Brainstorm possible courses of action. 7. Evaluate the consequences of possible courses of action. 8. Decide on the best possible course of action. 9. Follow up to evaluate the outcomes INFORMED CONSENT: clients must be provided with information that they need to made informed choices; their rights and responsibilities must be given to them in paper form and they must sign that they have read and agree with the information. Includes: goals of counseling, the responsibilities of the counselor toward the client, the responsibilities of clients, limitations of and exceptions to confidentiality, legal and ethical parameters of the therapeutic relationship, the qualifications and background of the therapist, the fees involved, the approximate length of the therapeutic process. See handout for model. CONFIDENTIALITY: information shared in the clinical setting must be kept private, but confidentiality is not an absolute and exceptions must be explained to the client. Confidentiality must be broken when it is clear that the client may do serious harm to either themselves or others. There is a legal requirement to report incidences of child abuse, abuse of the elderly and of dependent adults. Confidentiality must be breached if a client under the age of 16 is a victim of incest, rape, abuse or some other crime; when the client needs hospitalization, when information is made an ssue of court action and when the client requests that records be released. Clients must also be informed if the therapist may be discussing details of the relationship with a supervisor or a colleague. DUAL AND MULTIPLE RELATIONSHIPS: counselors must not assume two or more roles (sexual or non-sexual) simultaneously or sequentially with a client. Examples given include bartering for ser vices, borrowing money from a client, providing therapy to a friend, a relative or employee, accepting an expensive gift from a client, or going into a business venture with a client. Any multiple relationship that would impair the therapist’s objectivity, competence or effectiveness is not allowed; multiple relationships that do not cause impairment or risk exploitation are not unethical. Can you give some examples? MULTICULTURAL COMPETENCE: theories and practices of counseling must take into consideration the worldviews of all populations that enter into a therapeutic relationship. Example: Euro-American culture emphasizes the importance of individuality and independence as the foundation for maturity. Some cultures value collectivist and communal ethics and consider the group more important than the self. ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC COMPETENCE: diagnostic assessments are based on the DSM-IV-TR (2000); correct diagnosis is central to the counseling process, although there are those who avoid diagnosis based on the notion that it is counterproductive: Yalom believes that â€Å"diagnosis limits vision, diminishes a therapist’s ability to relate to a client as a person, and may result in a self-fulfilling prophecy. † (p. 44) Assessment and Diagnosis Procedures 1. Clinical Interview [pic]Unstructured: flexible; suggestive leads from therapist; clinical judgment may be biased pic]Structured: standardized questions; increased reliability and validity; model from DSM-IV: Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) and Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC) 2. Mental Status Exam [pic]Appearance/Behavior [pic]Thought Processes/Perceptions: flow, continuity of thought, rational, speed, delusions, ideas of reference, hallucinations [pic]Mood/Affect: appropriate; flat; blunted; ina ppropriate; prominent feeling [pic]Intellectual Functioning: vocabulary, insight, abstractions, memory [pic]Sensorium by person, time, place: oriented x 3; awareness of surroundings and reality . Behavioral assessment: tracking by the clinician or the client (self-monitoring) or the client’s family; in the office or in real life (home or school): direct observation; specific context; ABC model: antecedent behaviors(target behavior(consequences; 4. Environmental Assessment: rating the family system, the school, the community setting or a long-term care institution; example: See Family Background Questionnaire 5. Psychophysiological assessment: measurement of one or more of the physiological processes that reflect autonomic nervous system activity: heart rate, skin conductance, muscle activity, brain electric activity, pulse and body temperature. 6. Neuroimaging: Noninvasive technologies for imaging the brain: CAT, MRI, PET, SPECT are most familiar methods 7. Psychological Testing [pic]Self-report inventories (see Beck Depression Inventory; Child Bipolar Assessment) [pic]â€Å"Draw a person† [pic] Psychological Inventories: MMPI-2 and NEO-PI-R; PAI [pic]Projective Tests: Rorschach, TAT pic]Intelligence Tests: Stanford-Binet; WAIS-III; WISC-III; WPPSI [pic]Neurological assessment: Bender-Gestalt, Trail Making Test, Weschler Memory; Halstead-Reitan; Luria-Nebraska 8. THE MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY (MMPI-2) †¢ 567 true/false statements related to self (behaviors, thoughts, feelings) †¢ provides ten clinical scales and three validity scales †¢ Hypochondriasi s †¢ Depression †¢ Hysteria (psychosomatic symptoms) †¢ Psychopathic deviance †¢ Masculinity-femininity †¢ Paranoia Psychasthenia (obsessions, fears, guilt) †¢ Schizophrenia †¢ Hypomania (emotional excitement) †¢ Social introversion †¢ Lie scale (L) †¢ False Positive scale (K) †¢ False Negative scale (F) Diagnosis of Pathology with a medical model (related to ICD-10) by description rather than explanation by category: either you do or you do not meet the symptom criteria (DSM and ICD use this approach) by dimension: where do you fall along a continuum of mild, moderate, severe. by time: chronic, acute, continuous, episodic Why diagnose? pic]a common language among professionals [pic] indication of etiology (cause) of a disorder [pic] narrows down treatment modalities [pic]allows for scientific research on syndromes [pic] enables third party payment The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV-TR ) (2000): the diagnostic bible: the most widely used diagnostic systems in the United States; approved by the APA. This is a multiaxial classification system, which means that there are five axes (principle structures or dimensions) on which to diagnose: [pic]Axis I: Clinical Syndromes. The traditional clinical labels are included on this axis. These clinical disorders are the subject of any psychopathology course; i. e. , mood disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, gender-related disorders, personality disorders [pic]Axis II: Personality Disorders/Mental Retardation. There are ten personality disorders included on Axis II. These disorders are generally observed in childhood or adolescence and may persist in stability over time. Insurance will not cover treatment for personality disorders. These most often are secondary to an Axis I diagnosis. Mental Retardation is included on Axis II, perhaps because of its chronicity [pic]Axis III: General Medical Conditions. All medical problems that may relate to psychological problems are listed here [pic]Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems. Listed here are any sources of difficulty during the past year, or anticipated events that would be stressful. [pic]Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). The present level of adaptive functioning in three areas: personal relationships, occupational functioning and use of leisure time. Scale from 1 (suicidal, homicidal) to 100 (superior functioning). Weaknesses and criticisms of the DSM-IV-TR (â€Å"a strange mix of social values, political compromise, scientific evidence and material for insurance claim forms†) 1. the subjectivity of the diagnostician 2. heavy reliance on the medical model (assuming symptoms of underlying pathologies) 3. weak empirical data for some categories of disorders (personality disorders) 4. disorders are not mutually exclusive and may overlap into another 5. oes not include etiology or treatment recommendations (descriptive, not explanatory) 6. stigmatization of labeling an individual with a disorder 7. effect on individual’s sense of esteem or competence 8. may produce a self-fulfilling prophecy 9. subject to psychological or social influences; may be biased against women; are feminine personality characteristics perceived as pathological, i. e. personality disorders such as histrionic and dependent 10. .insensitive to cult ure-bound disorders To review the Code of Ethics for the following professional organizations, check out the website for: 1. American Counseling Association (ACA) https://www. counseling. org/resources/ethics. htm#ce 2. American Psychological Association (APA) https://www. apa. org/ethics/code2002. html 3. National Association of Social Workers (NASW) https://www. naswdc. org/pubs/code/default. asp 4. American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT) https://www. aamft. org/resources/LRMPlan/index_nm. asp